Iyo "mambo wemidziyo" yedhaimondi, nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwakanaka, yakaramba ichiongororwa uye yakawedzerwa muminda yekushandisa kwemakumi emakore.Sechinzvimbo chedhaimondi rechisikigo, dhaimondi rekugadzira rakashandiswa muminda kubva pamichina yezvishandiso uye zviboorero kusvika kune Ultra-wide band gap semiconductors, kubva laser uye inotungamirwa zvombo kusvika kupenya mhete dzedhaimondi mumaoko evakadzi.Artificial diamond yave chikamu chakakosha cheindasitiri neindasitiri yezvishongo.
A.Basic Information
Synthetic diamond imhando yedhaimondi rekristaro rakagadzirwa nesainzi nzira kuburikidza neyakagadzirwa simulation yekristaro mamiriro uye kukura nharaunda yedhaimani rechisikigo.Pane nzira mbiri dziripo dzekutengesa dzekugadzira madhaimondi akawanda -- tembiricha yepamusoro uye high pressure (HTHP) uye chemical vapor deposition (CVD).NeHPHT kana CVD tekinoroji, madhaimani ekugadzira anogona kugadzirwa mumavhiki mashoma, uye chimiro chemakemikari, refractive index, hama density, kupararira, kuomarara, kupisa kwemafuta, kuwedzera kwemafuta, kutapurirana kwechiedza, kuramba uye kusimba kwedhaimani rechisikigo ndizvo chaizvo. zvakafanana.High giredhi yekugadzira madhaimondi anozivikanwawo semadhaimondi akarimwa.
Kuenzanisa kwemaitiro maviri ekugadzirira ndeaya anotevera:
| Type | Project | HPHT yakakwirira tembiricha uye kumanikidza nzira | CVD kemikari vapor deposition nzira |
| Synthetic technique | Main raw material | Graphite upfu, simbi catalyst upfu | Carbon-ine gasi, hydrogen |
| Zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira | 6-pamusoro dhaimondi mudhindi | CVD Depositional midziyo | |
| Synthetic environment | High-tembiricha uye high-pressure nharaunda | High-tembiricha uye high-pressure nharaunda | |
| Gadzira maitiro makuru emadhaimani | Chigadzirwa chimiro | Granular, chimiro cubic octahedron, 14 | Sheet, structural cube, 1 kukura kutungamira |
| Kukura kutenderera | Pfupi | Kureba | |
| Mutengo | Low | High | |
| Dhigirii rekuchena | Zvishoma kuipa | High | |
| Chigadzirwa chakakodzera | 1 ~ 5ct kurima madhaimani | Kura madhaimani pamusoro pe5ct | |
| Technology application | Dhigirii rekushandisa | Iyo tekinoroji yakakura, iko kushandiswa kwepamba kwakakura uye kune mukana uri pachena munyika | Iyo tekinoroji yekune dzimwe nyika yakakura, asi tekinoroji yepamba ichiri mudanho rekutsvagisa, uye mhedzisiro yekushandisa ishoma |
Indasitiri yeChina yekugadzira madhaimondi yakatanga kunonoka, asi indasitiri yekusimudzira inokurumidza.Parizvino, zvigadzirwa zvetekinoroji, carats uye mutengo wezvigadzirwa zvekugadzira madhaimondi muChina zvine zvakanakira zvemakwikwi munyika.Madhaimani eArtificial ane zvimiro zvakafanana zvakanaka sedhaimani rechisikigo, senge super hard, kupfeka resistance uye corrosion resistance.Iyo yepamberi inorganic isiri-metallic material yehupamhi hwepamusoro, yakanyanya kurongeka, semi-chisingaperi uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza.Ndiwo musimboti wekushandisa pakugadzira maturusi ekugadzira maturusi ekucheka, kucheka, kukuya uye kudhirowa kwezvinhu zvakakwirira zvakaoma uye brittle.Terminal applications yakafukidzwa zvakanyanya muaerospace uye indasitiri yemauto, zvekuvakisa, dombo, kuongorora uye migodhi, mashandiro emuchina, simba rakachena, zvemagetsi zvevatengi, semiconductor uye mamwe maindasitiri.Parizvino, iyo huru-yakakura-chiyero kushandiswa kwemhando yepamusoro yedhaimondi rekugadzira, iro rinorimwa diamondi, riri muindasitiri yezvishongo.
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| Hwindo rekutsvaga missile | Diamond drill bit ye petroleum exploration |
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| Diamond akaona blade | Diamond tool |
| Indasitiri kushandiswa kwemadhaimani ekugadzira | |
Mamiriro ekugadzirwa kwemadhaimani echisikigo akanyanya kuomarara, saka kushomeka kwacho kwakakosha, mutengo wakakwira gore rose, uye mutengo wemadhaimani anorimwa wakadzikira zvakanyanya kupfuura wemadhaimani chaiwo.Zvinoenderana ne "Global Diamond Indasitiri 2020-21" yakaburitswa neBain Consulting, mutengo wekutengesa/holesale wemadhaimondi akarimwa wange uchidonha kubva 2017. Muchikamu chechina cha2020, mutengo wekutengesa wemadhaimondi akarimwa akarimwa angangoita makumi matatu neshanu muzana. iyo yemadhaimani echisikigo, uye mutengo weholesale ungangoita 20% weiyo yemadhaimondi chaiwo.Zvinotarisirwa kuti nekuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kwemitengo yehunyanzvi, Iyo yeramangwana mutengo wemusika mukana wekurima madhaimondi uchave pachena.
Kurimwa madhaimani mutengo akaverengera dzinongoitika madhaimani muzana
B. The indasitiri cheni
Artificial diamond industry cheni
Iyo yekumusoro kweiyo synthetic indasitiri yedhaimani inoreva kupihwa kwezvinhu zvakaita semidziyo yekugadzira uye tekinoroji catalyst, pamwe nekugadzirwa kwedhaimondi rough drill.China ndiyo inonyanya kugadzira madhaimani eHPHT, uye kugadzirwa kwemadhaimani eCVD kuri kusimukirawo nekukurumidza.Boka remaindasitiri rakaumbwa muRuwa rweHenan nevagadziri vedhaimondi repamusoro, kusanganisira Zhengzhou Huacheng Diamond Co., LTD., Zhongnan Diamond Co., LTD., Henan Huanghe Cyclone Co., LTD., etc. Aya mabhizinesi akabudirira kusimudzira. uye yakagadzira chidimbu chihombe uye kuchena kwakanyanya kwedhaimani rekugadzira (dhaimondi rakarimwa).Iwo mabhizinesi ekumusoro anotungamira tekinoroji yekugadzira yedhaimani yakaoma, ine mari yakasimba, uye mutengo wekutengesa wedhaimani rough wakagadzikana, uye purofiti yakapfuma.
Chikamu chepakati chinoreva kutengeserana nekugadziriswa kwedhaimondi rekugadzira risina chinhu, kutengeswa kwedhaimondi rekugadzira rakapedzwa kudhiraivha, uye dhizaini uye Mosaic.Madhaimondi madiki asingasviki 1 carat anonyanya kuchekwa muIndia, nepo makarati makuru akadai se3, 5, 10 kana madhaimondi akasarudzika anochekwa zvakanyanya muUnited States.China yave kubuda senzvimbo huru yekucheka pasi rose, neChow Tai Fook ichivaka chirimwa chekucheka vanhu zviuru zvishanu muPanyu.
Kudzika kwemvura kunonyanya kureva iyo yekupedzisira yekutengesa madhaimani ekugadzira, kushambadzira uye mamwe maindasitiri anotsigira.Indasitiri giredhi yekugadzira madhaimondi inonyanya kushandiswa mune aerospace, mechaniki kugadzirisa uye kugadzira, petroleum kuongorora uye mamwe maindasitiri.Mazhinji emhando yepamusoro madhaimondi ekugadzira anotengeswa kuindasitiri yezvishongo segiredhi rezvishongo zvemadhaimani anorimwa.Parizvino, United States ndiyo ine musika wakakura kwazvo pasi rose wekurima nekusimudzira madhaimondi, ine cheni yekutengesa yakakwana.
C. Mamiriro emusika
Mumakore ekutanga, mutengo weyuniti yedhaimondi rekugadzira wakakwira kusvika pa20 ~ 30 yuan pacarat, izvo zvakaita kuti mabhizinesi mazhinji ekugadzira arambidze.Nekuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi hwekugadzira, mutengo wemadhaimani ekugadzira wakadzikira zvishoma nezvishoma, uye mumakore achangopfuura, mutengo wakaderera kusvika pasi pe1 yuan pa carat.Nekuvandudzwa kweaerospace uye indasitiri yemauto, photovoltaic silicon wafers, semiconductors, ruzivo rwemagetsi uye mamwe maindasitiri ari kubuda, kushandiswa kwedhaimondi rekugadzira mumunda wekugadzira wepamusoro kunogara kuchiwedzera.
Panguva imwecheteyo, nekuda kwekukanganisa kwemitemo yezvakatipoteredza, saizi yemusika weindasitiri (maererano nekugadzirwa kwedhaimondi) yakaratidza maitiro ekutanga kuderera uyezve kuwedzera mumakore mashanu apfuura, ichikwira kusvika 14.65 bhiriyoni carats muna 2018 uye iri inotarisirwa kusvika 15.42 bhiriyoni carats muna 2023. Shanduko chaidzo dzinotevera:
Nzira huru yekugadzira muChina ndiyo nzira yeHTHP.Iyo yakasimwa kugona kweiyo nhanhatu-mativi push press inotarisisa zvakanangana nekugadzirwa kwedhaimondi rekugadzira, kusanganisira dhaimondi rakarimwa.Kuburikidza nekunzwisisa kwakasiyana kwechikwata chekutsvagisa chirongwa, huwandu huripo hwenyika haupfuuri zviuru zvisere zvemhando ichangoburwa yematanho matanhatu epamusoro, ukuwo kudiwa kwemusika kunosvika zviuru makumi maviri zvemhando yazvino yematanho matanhatu epamusoro.Parizvino, kuisirwa kwegore negore uye kutumwa kwevakawanda vakuru vekugadzira madhaimani epamba kwasvika pakugadzikana kweanenge mazana mashanu mayuniti matsva, kure nekuzadzisa kudiwa kwemusika, saka munguva pfupi uye yepakati, kurimwa kwemusha kwedhaimondi indasitiri inotengesera musika. zvakakosha.
Kudiwa kwenyika kune artificial diamond capacity
D. Mafambiro ebudiriro
①Maitiro ekutarisa kwemaindasitiri ari kuwedzera kuoneka
Nekuvandudzwa kwechigadzirwa uye kuwedzera kwemunda wekuwedzera kwemabhizinesi ezvigadzirwa zvemadhaimani, vatengi vakaisa mberi zvinodiwa pamusoro pemhando uye kwekupedzisira kuita kwedhaimondi rekugadzira, izvo zvinoda kuti mabhizinesi edhaimani ekugadzira ave neguta rakasimba uye tekinoroji yekutsvaga nesimba rekusimudzira, pamwe ne kugona kuronga kugadzirwa kwakakura uye kwakabatana kugovera cheni manejimendi.Chete nekuve nekutsvagisa kwakasimba kwechigadzirwa uye simba rekusimudzira, kugona kugadzira uye kuvimbiswa kwemhando, mabhizinesi makuru anogona kumira pachena mumakwikwi anotyisa eindasitiri, achiramba achiunganidza mabhenefiti emakwikwi, kuwedzera huwandu hwekushanda, kuvaka chikumbaridzo cheindasitiri yepamusoro, uye kuwedzera kutora chinzvimbo chepamusoro muindasitiri. makwikwi, izvo zvinoita kuti indasitiri iratidze maitiro ekufungisisa.
②Kuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza mune synthesis tekinoroji
Nekuenderera mberi kwekusimudzira kwesimba rekugadzira maindasitiri emunyika, kugadzikana uye kukwenenzverwa kwezvishandiso zvekugadzirisa zvinodiwa kuti zvivandudzwe.Maitiro ekushandura eChinese ekugadzira madhaimondi maturusi kubva pasi kusvika kumagumo achawedzera kukwidziridzwa, uye iyo terminal application ndima yedhaimani yekugadzira ichawedzerwa.Mumakore achangopfuura, kumwe kutsvagisa uye kubudirira kwebudiriro kwave kuwanikwa muzvikamu zvehombe-yakakura yekugadzira mhango uye optimization yeakaoma alloy hammer, iyo inosimudzira zvikuru kuvandudzwa kwekugadzirwa kwedhaimondi.
③Kurimwa kwemadhaimondi kuti ikurumidze kusimuka kwetarisiro yemusika
Synthetic diamond yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mundima yeindasitiri.Zvinopfuura makumi mapfumbamwe muzana edhaimondi rinoshandiswa muindasitiri yepasi rose idhaimondi rekugadzira.Iko kushandiswa kwedhaimondi rekugadzira mumunda wevatengi (zvishongo giredhi rakarimwa madhaimani) zvakare kuri kusimudzira kukwira kwetariro yemusika yakafara.
Global jewelry giredhi kurima diamondi ichiri mudanho rekutanga rekukura, musika wenguva refu une nzvimbo yakakura.Sekureva kweBain & Company's 2020 - 2021 Global Diamond Indasitiri Research Report, musika wepasi rose wezvishongo muna 2020 wakapfuura mabhiriyoni mazana maviri nemakumi matanhatu emadhora, ayo mabhiriyoni makumi matanhatu nemana emadhora aive zvishongo zvemadhaimondi, achiverengera 24.2%.Panyaya yemaitiro ekushandisa, sekureva kweBain Consulting's Global Diamond Indasitiri Research Report 2020 -- 2021, kushandiswa kweUnited States neChina kunotora chikamu che80% uye gumi muzana chemusika wepasi rose unorimwa wekushandisa madhaimondi.
Munenge muna 2016, madhaimondi madiki ekurima asina ruvara anogadzirwa neHTHP tekinoroji munyika yedu akatanga kupinda muchikamu chekugadzira ruzhinji, granularity uye kunaka kwekurima kwemadhaimani nekufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi hwekugadzira uye kuenderera mberi nekuvandudza, tarisiro yemusika weramangwana yakakura.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-08-2023